Left-Bell with Winston Churchill and T.E.Lawrence -Lower Right King Faisal is in foreground on the right`-On Right Bell at an unknown age-````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````


I prefer biographies in which the author both admires and would appear to have enjoyed the company of the subject. In Desert Queen,a biography of Gertrude Bell, Janet Wallach meets both of these criteria.
Bell was an upper class Englishwoman (1868-1926), who, perhaps more than any other, defined the boundaries and political structures of modern Iraq. A headstrong woman and one of the first female graduates of Oxford, she was a first rate mountaineer and archeologist and an incredibly astute judge of people. A woman of prodigious physical energy and will, she was considered an honorary man by Arab sheiks and Moslem holy men. Wallach paints a vivid picture of the late and decaying Ottoman Empire and gives many vivid accounts of its' cosmopolitan flair and incredible diversity. Arabs, Christians, Greeks, Persians, Jews, Turks, businessmen, Bedouins, Shiites, Sunnis and other Europeans come to life. The noises and smells of the souk and the starkness and beauty of the desert give the book a physical dimension that complements the character and ethnic portraits.
Selected Quotes
"She stepped carefully away from the piles of dung left by camels and mules parading through the labyrinth of alleys. The narrow streets were a storefront for fortune tellers reading palms, public scribes and seal engravers selling their services…a cacophony of cries from ragged beggars and sweaty street merchants and wailing muezzins…pistachio nuts, roasted peas, sweet Damascene pastries, licorice, biscuits and all kinds of breads…. sherbet sellers in bright read aprons…." A description of Damascus: "…. pashas in gold embroidered robes, sheiks in gilt-edged cloaks; Turks covered in long silk coats with colorful turbans wound round their heads; Christians in frock coats holding rosaries in their hands; Jews with long beards, their heads in turbans, their pants in Turkish style; Armenians and Greeks in colorfully embroidered tunics; old men proudly wearing green turbans that announced they had made the pilgrimage to Mecca; Bedouin just in from the desert, in their striped blue abbas and kafeeyahs……."
The heat, dust and other physical discomforts are contrasted with the gardens of dates and magnificent flowers. The stark beauty of the desert, the poetry, the rhythm of the souk, the concept of honor and the feudal nature of society are all apparent from the narrative. It is not clear how much of these descriptions are derived from Bell herself or are Wallachs interpretations, however Wallach a woman who has apparently traveled extensively in the Middle East, is capable of painting or at least transcribing the essential "feel" of specific locales. She is able to bring to life a society of gracious manners, cutthroat rogues, and cunning sheiks while not ignoring the timeless poverty and the slavish condition of women.
Bell, a women bitterly disappointed in her love life, is overwhelmed by the romance of the Middle East. She is consumed with the vision of an Arabian kingdom which will progress in tandem with its' British guides and which will be able to integrate British legal, educational and economic features, while maintaining the essential features of an Arabian identity. At the core of the vision of Bell, as filtered through Wallach (as I have not read any of the primary source material), is a dual vision of the Arab world. At once romantic in both the noble savage sense, as well as the cosmopolitan world of the late Ottoman Empire, and yet capable of progressing into a modern democracy. These considerations are obviously important today and not much has changed in the last 80-90 years.
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